5GHz, 5-Channel MIMO Receiver
Table 1. Operating Modes
MODE CONTROL
LOGIC INPUTS
CIRCUIT BLOCK STATES
MODE
SHUTDOWN
CLOCKOUT
STANDBY
Rx
Tx
Tx CALIBRATION
RF LOOPBACK
BASEBAND
LOOPBACK
ENABLE
PIN
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SPI MAIN
ADDRESS 0,
D[4:2]
XXX
000
001
010
011
100
101
11X
Rx PATH
Off
Off
Off
On
Off
Off
On (except LNA)
On (except RXRF)
Tx PATH
(NOTE 1)
Off
Off
Off
Off
On
On
On
Off
LO PATH
Off
Off
On
On
On
On
On
On
CLKOUT
(NOTES 2, 3)
Off
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
CALIBRATION
SECTIONS ON
None
None
None
None
None
AM detector + Rx5
I/Q buffers
RF loopback
Tx baseband buffer
Note 1: PA_BIAS pin can be kept active in nontransmit mode(s) by SPI programming.
Note 2: CLKOUT signal is active independent of SPI, and is only dependent on the ENABLE pin.
Note 3: CLKOUT2 signal can be enabled/disabled through SPI in all operating modes except shutdown mode.
Detailed Description
Modes of Operation
The MAX2851 modes of operation are shutdown, clock-
out, standby, receive, transmit, transmitter calibration,
RF loopback, and baseband loopback. See Table 1 for
a summary of the modes of operation. The logic input pin
ENABLE (pin 68) and SPI Main address 0 D[4:2] control
the various modes.
Shutdown Mode
The MAX2851 features a low-power shutdown mode. All
circuit blocks are powered down, except the 4-wire serial
bus and its internal programmable registers.
Clockout Mode
In clockout mode, only the crystal oscillator signal is
active at the CLKOUT pin. The rest of the transceiver is
powered down.
Standby Mode
In standby mode, PLL, VCO, and LO generation are on.
Tx or Rx modes can be quickly enabled from this mode.
Other blocks can be selectively enabled in this mode
Receive (Rx) Mode
In receive mode, all Rx circuit blocks are powered on
and active. The antenna signal is applied; RF is down-
converted, filtered, and buffered at the RXBB I and Q
outputs.
Transmit (Tx) Mode
In transmit mode, all Tx circuit blocks are powered on
and active. The external PA can be powered on through
the PA_BIAS pin after a programmable delay.
Transmit Calibration Mode
In transmit calibration mode, all Tx circuit blocks are
powered on and active. The AM detector and receiver
I/Q channel buffers are also on. Output signals are
routed to RXBB I and Q outputs.
The AM detector multiplies the Tx RF output signal with
itself. The self-mixing product of the wanted sideband
becomes DC voltage and is filtered on-chip. The mixing
product between wanted sideband and the carrier leak-
age forms Ftone at the Rx baseband output. The mixing
product between the wanted sideband and the unwant-
ed sideband forms 2Ftone at the Rx baseband output.
As the Tx RF output is self-mixed at the AM detector,
the AM detector output responds differently to different
gain settings and power levels. When the Tx RF output
power changes by 1dB through Tx gain control, the AM
detector output changes by 2dB as both the wanted
sideband and carrier leakage (or unwanted sideband)
change by 1dB. When Tx RF output carrier leakage (or
unwanted sideband) changes by 1dB while the wanted
sideband output power is constant, the AM detector out-
put changes by 1dB only.
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